Monday, June 30, 2008
Saturday, June 21, 2008
Stainless Steels
Stainless Steels are iron-base alloys containing Chromium. Stainless steels usually contain less than 30% Cr and more than 50% Fe. They attain their stainless characteristics because of the formation of an invisible and adherent chromium-rich oxide surface film. This oxide establishes on the surface and heals itself in the presence of oxygen. Some other alloying elements added to enhance specific characteristics include nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum, silicon, niobium, and nitrogen. Carbon is usually present in amounts ranging from less than 0.03% to over 1.0% in certain martensitic grades. Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties are commonly the principal factors in selecting a grade of stainless steel for a given application.
Stainless steels are commonly divided into five groups:
Martensitic stainless steels
Ferritic stainless steels
Austenitic stainless steels
Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
Martensitic stainless steels are essentially alloys of chromium and carbon that possess a martensitic crystal structure in the hardened condition. They are ferromagnetic, hardenable by heat treatments, and are usually less resistant to corrosion than some other grades of stainless steel. Chromium content usually does not exceed 18%, while carbon content may exceed 1.0 %. The chromium and carbon contents are adjusted to ensure a martensitic structure after hardening. Excess carbides may be present to enhance wear resistance or as in the case of knife blades, to maintain cutting edges.
Ferritic stainless steels are chromium containing alloys with Ferritic, body centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures. Chromium content is typically less than 30%. The ferritic stainless steels are ferromagnetic. They may have good ductility and formability, but high-temperature mechanical properties are relatively inferior to the austenitic stainless steels. Toughness is limited at low temperatures and in heavy sections.
Austenitic stainless steels have a austenitic, face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Austenite is formed through the generous use of austenitizing elements such as nickel, manganese, and nitrogen. Austenitic stainless steels are effectively nonmagnetic in the annealed condition and can be hardened only by cold working. Some ferromagnetism may be noticed due to cold working or welding. They typically have reasonable cryogenic and high temperature strength properties. Chromium content typically is in the range of 16 to 26%; nickel content is commonly less than 35%.
Duplex stainless steels are a mixture of bcc ferrite and fcc austenite crystal structures. The percentage each phase is a dependent on the composition and heat treatment. Most Duplex stainless steels are intended to contain around equal amounts of ferrite and austenite phases in the annealed condition. The primary alloying elements are chromium and nickel. Duplex stainless steels generally have similar corrosion resistance to austenitic alloys except they typically have better stress corrosion cracking resistance. Duplex stainless steels also generally have greater tensile and yield strengths, but poorer toughness than austenitic stainless steels.
Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium-nickel alloys. Precipitation-hardening stainless steels may be either austenitic or martensitic in the annealed condition. In most cases, precipitation hardening stainless steels attain high strength by precipitation hardening of the martensitic structure.
Selecting a Stainless Steel
There are a large number of stainless steels produced. Corrosion resistance, physical properties, and mechanical properties are generally among the properties considered when selecting stainless steel for an application. A more detailed list of selection criteria is listed below:
Corrosion resistance
Resistance to oxidation and sulfidation
Toughness
Cryogenic strength
Resistance to abrasion and erosion
Resistance to galling and seizing
Surface finish
Magnetic properties
Retention of cutting edge
Ambient strength
Ductility
Elevated temperature strength
Suitability for intended cleaning procedures
Stability of properties in service
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistivity
Suitability for intended fabrication techniques
Corrosion resistance is commonly the most significant characteristic of a stainless steel, but can also be the most difficult to assess for a specific application. General corrosion resistance is comparatively easy to determine, but real environments are usually more complex. An evaluation of other pertinent variables such as fluid velocity, stagnation, turbulence, galvanic couples, welds, crevices, deposits, impurities, variation in temperature, and variation from planned operating chemistry among others issues need to be factored in to selecting the proper stainless steel for a specific environment.
AMC can provide engineering services to determine how to optimize the selection of stainless steel for your application. Our engineering analysis can reduce overall costs, minimize service problems, and optimize fabrication of your structure.
[ Up ] [ Steels ] [ Alloying of Steels ] [ Steel Properties Overview ] [ Steel Heat Treatment Terminology ] [ Stainless Steels ] [ Aluminum ] [ Copper ] [ Titanium ] [ Unified Numbering System ]
Contact Information
Telephone
407-880-4945 ----------- Consulting assistance is only available for customers
FAX
425-962-2959
Postal address (greater Orlando area)
AMC
931 N. State Road 434
Suite 1201 - #189
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714
Electronic mail
General Information: mailto:Consulting@MaterialsEngineer.comCustomer Support: mailto:bob@MaterialsEngineer.comWebmaster: mailto:help@MaterialsEngineer.com
Material Notes
Type 304 stainless steel is a T 300 Series Stainless Steel austenitic. It has a minimum of 18% chromium and 8% nickel, combined with a maximum of 0.08% carbon. It is defined as a Chromium-Nickel austenitic alloy.
Grade 304 is the standard "18/8" stainless that you will probably see in your pans and cookery tools.
These are some of its characteristics:- Forming and welding properties- Corrosion/ oxidation resistance thanks to the chromium content- Deep drawing quality- Excellent toughness, even down to cryonegic temperatures which are defined as very low temperatures- Low temperature properties responding well to hardening by cold working- Ease of cleaning, ease of fabrication, beauty of appearance
Grade 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It does not require post-weld annealing and so is extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm).
Grade 304H with its higher carbon content finds application at elevated temperatures.
ApplicationsIt is used for a wide variety of home and commercial applications, this is one of the most familiar and most frequently used alloys in the stainless steel family.
Typical applications include tanks and containers for a large variety of liquids and solids:
- Food industry
Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & wine making.
For example it is highly suitable and applied in dairy equipment such as milking machines, containers, homogenizers, sterilizers, and storage and hauling tanks, including piping, valves, milk trucks and railroad cars.
Very common in the brewing industry where it is used in pipelines, yeast pans, fermentation vats, storage and railway cars, etc.
The citrus and fruit juice industry also uses Type 304 for all their handling, crushing, preparation, storage and hauling equipment.
- Domestic tools industry
Because of its ability to withstand the corrosive action of various acids found in fruits, meats, milk, and vegetables, Type 304 is used for sinks, tabletops, coffee urns, stoves, refrigerators, milk and cream dispensers, and steam tables. It is also used in numerous other utensils such as cooking appliances, pots, pans, and flatware.
- Architectural panelling, railings & trim- Chemical containers, including for transport- Heat Exchangers- Woven or welded screens for mining, quarrying & water filtration
- Dyeing industry
- In the marine environment, because of it slightly higher strength and wear resistance than type 316 it is also used for nuts, bolts, screws, and other fasteners.
more
Search MatWeb for Property Information
For help deciding which search form to use, please read our page on search strategies.
Advanced Search -->- MatWeb's most powerful search tool allows users to build complex searches in an iterative process. Possible criteria are property, composition, material category, and user-input text options. (Registration Required).
Quick Search -->- Accepts user-input text and will prioritize and split multiple terms differently than the Advanced Search. Located in the upper right of every MatWeb page and is reproduced here:
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more
Stainless steels are high-alloy steels that have superior corrosion resistance than other steels because they contain large amounts of chromium. Stainless steels can contain anywhere from 4-30 percent chromium, however most contain around 10 percent. Stainless steels can be divided into three basic groups based on their crystalline structure: austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. Another group of stainless steels known as precipitation-hardened steels are a combination of austenitic and martensitic steels. Below are the general compositional contents of these groups.
Grades
Ferritic grades: Ferritic stainless steels are magnetic non heat-treatable steels that contain chromium but not nickel. They have good heat and corrosion resistance, in particular sea water, and good resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. Their mechanical properties are not as strong as the austenitic grades, however they have better decorative appeal.
Martensitic grades: Martensitic grades are magnetic and can be heat-treated by quenching or tempering. They contain chromium but usually contain no nickel, except for 2 grades. Martensitic steels are not as corrosive resistant as austenitic or ferritic grades, but their hardness levels are among the highest of the all the stainless steels.
Austenitic grades: Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic non heat-treatable steels that are usually annealed and cold worked. Some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working. Austenitic steels have excellent corrosion and heat resistance with good mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures. There are two subclasses of austenitic stainless steels: chromium-nickel and chromium-manganese-low nickel steels. Chromium-nickel steels are the most general widely used steels and are also known as 18-8(Cr-Ni) steels. The chromium nickel ratio can be modified to improve formability; carbon content can be reduced to improve intergranular corrosion resistance. Molybdenum can be added to improve corrosion resistance; additionally the Cr-Ni content can be increased.
more
Stainless steels are commonly divided into five groups:
Martensitic stainless steels
Ferritic stainless steels
Austenitic stainless steels
Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
Martensitic stainless steels are essentially alloys of chromium and carbon that possess a martensitic crystal structure in the hardened condition. They are ferromagnetic, hardenable by heat treatments, and are usually less resistant to corrosion than some other grades of stainless steel. Chromium content usually does not exceed 18%, while carbon content may exceed 1.0 %. The chromium and carbon contents are adjusted to ensure a martensitic structure after hardening. Excess carbides may be present to enhance wear resistance or as in the case of knife blades, to maintain cutting edges.
Ferritic stainless steels are chromium containing alloys with Ferritic, body centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures. Chromium content is typically less than 30%. The ferritic stainless steels are ferromagnetic. They may have good ductility and formability, but high-temperature mechanical properties are relatively inferior to the austenitic stainless steels. Toughness is limited at low temperatures and in heavy sections.
Austenitic stainless steels have a austenitic, face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Austenite is formed through the generous use of austenitizing elements such as nickel, manganese, and nitrogen. Austenitic stainless steels are effectively nonmagnetic in the annealed condition and can be hardened only by cold working. Some ferromagnetism may be noticed due to cold working or welding. They typically have reasonable cryogenic and high temperature strength properties. Chromium content typically is in the range of 16 to 26%; nickel content is commonly less than 35%.
Duplex stainless steels are a mixture of bcc ferrite and fcc austenite crystal structures. The percentage each phase is a dependent on the composition and heat treatment. Most Duplex stainless steels are intended to contain around equal amounts of ferrite and austenite phases in the annealed condition. The primary alloying elements are chromium and nickel. Duplex stainless steels generally have similar corrosion resistance to austenitic alloys except they typically have better stress corrosion cracking resistance. Duplex stainless steels also generally have greater tensile and yield strengths, but poorer toughness than austenitic stainless steels.
Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium-nickel alloys. Precipitation-hardening stainless steels may be either austenitic or martensitic in the annealed condition. In most cases, precipitation hardening stainless steels attain high strength by precipitation hardening of the martensitic structure.
Selecting a Stainless Steel
There are a large number of stainless steels produced. Corrosion resistance, physical properties, and mechanical properties are generally among the properties considered when selecting stainless steel for an application. A more detailed list of selection criteria is listed below:
Corrosion resistance
Resistance to oxidation and sulfidation
Toughness
Cryogenic strength
Resistance to abrasion and erosion
Resistance to galling and seizing
Surface finish
Magnetic properties
Retention of cutting edge
Ambient strength
Ductility
Elevated temperature strength
Suitability for intended cleaning procedures
Stability of properties in service
Thermal conductivity
Electrical resistivity
Suitability for intended fabrication techniques
Corrosion resistance is commonly the most significant characteristic of a stainless steel, but can also be the most difficult to assess for a specific application. General corrosion resistance is comparatively easy to determine, but real environments are usually more complex. An evaluation of other pertinent variables such as fluid velocity, stagnation, turbulence, galvanic couples, welds, crevices, deposits, impurities, variation in temperature, and variation from planned operating chemistry among others issues need to be factored in to selecting the proper stainless steel for a specific environment.
AMC can provide engineering services to determine how to optimize the selection of stainless steel for your application. Our engineering analysis can reduce overall costs, minimize service problems, and optimize fabrication of your structure.
[ Up ] [ Steels ] [ Alloying of Steels ] [ Steel Properties Overview ] [ Steel Heat Treatment Terminology ] [ Stainless Steels ] [ Aluminum ] [ Copper ] [ Titanium ] [ Unified Numbering System ]
Contact Information
Telephone
407-880-4945 ----------- Consulting assistance is only available for customers
FAX
425-962-2959
Postal address (greater Orlando area)
AMC
931 N. State Road 434
Suite 1201 - #189
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714
Electronic mail
General Information: mailto:Consulting@MaterialsEngineer.comCustomer Support: mailto:bob@MaterialsEngineer.comWebmaster: mailto:help@MaterialsEngineer.com
Material Notes
Type 304 stainless steel is a T 300 Series Stainless Steel austenitic. It has a minimum of 18% chromium and 8% nickel, combined with a maximum of 0.08% carbon. It is defined as a Chromium-Nickel austenitic alloy.
Grade 304 is the standard "18/8" stainless that you will probably see in your pans and cookery tools.
These are some of its characteristics:- Forming and welding properties- Corrosion/ oxidation resistance thanks to the chromium content- Deep drawing quality- Excellent toughness, even down to cryonegic temperatures which are defined as very low temperatures- Low temperature properties responding well to hardening by cold working- Ease of cleaning, ease of fabrication, beauty of appearance
Grade 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It does not require post-weld annealing and so is extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm).
Grade 304H with its higher carbon content finds application at elevated temperatures.
ApplicationsIt is used for a wide variety of home and commercial applications, this is one of the most familiar and most frequently used alloys in the stainless steel family.
Typical applications include tanks and containers for a large variety of liquids and solids:
- Food industry
Food processing equipment, particularly in beer brewing, milk processing & wine making.
For example it is highly suitable and applied in dairy equipment such as milking machines, containers, homogenizers, sterilizers, and storage and hauling tanks, including piping, valves, milk trucks and railroad cars.
Very common in the brewing industry where it is used in pipelines, yeast pans, fermentation vats, storage and railway cars, etc.
The citrus and fruit juice industry also uses Type 304 for all their handling, crushing, preparation, storage and hauling equipment.
- Domestic tools industry
Because of its ability to withstand the corrosive action of various acids found in fruits, meats, milk, and vegetables, Type 304 is used for sinks, tabletops, coffee urns, stoves, refrigerators, milk and cream dispensers, and steam tables. It is also used in numerous other utensils such as cooking appliances, pots, pans, and flatware.
- Architectural panelling, railings & trim- Chemical containers, including for transport- Heat Exchangers- Woven or welded screens for mining, quarrying & water filtration
- Dyeing industry
- In the marine environment, because of it slightly higher strength and wear resistance than type 316 it is also used for nuts, bolts, screws, and other fasteners.
more
Search MatWeb for Property Information
For help deciding which search form to use, please read our page on search strategies.
Advanced Search -->- MatWeb's most powerful search tool allows users to build complex searches in an iterative process. Possible criteria are property, composition, material category, and user-input text options. (Registration Required).
Quick Search -->- Accepts user-input text and will prioritize and split multiple terms differently than the Advanced Search. Located in the upper right of every MatWeb page and is reproduced here:
Material Property Search - Find materials that meet the property value ranges that you require.
Metal Composition Search - Enter an elemental composition and find the matching alloys.
Material Type/Category Search - Select the type of material in which you are interested from a systematic list of drop-down boxes.
Manufacturer Name Search - Select a plastics manufacturer and find data sheets of their proprietary products listed in MatWeb.
Trade Name Search - Select a plastics trade name and find data sheets listed in MatWeb.
Polymer Film Search - Find film grade polymers that meet the property value ranges that you require.
Lubricant Search - Find lubricants that meet the property value ranges that you require.
Metal Alloy UNS Number - Select from the list of UNS numbers in MatWeb's database and find the matching data sheets.
more
Stainless steels are high-alloy steels that have superior corrosion resistance than other steels because they contain large amounts of chromium. Stainless steels can contain anywhere from 4-30 percent chromium, however most contain around 10 percent. Stainless steels can be divided into three basic groups based on their crystalline structure: austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. Another group of stainless steels known as precipitation-hardened steels are a combination of austenitic and martensitic steels. Below are the general compositional contents of these groups.
Grades
Ferritic grades: Ferritic stainless steels are magnetic non heat-treatable steels that contain chromium but not nickel. They have good heat and corrosion resistance, in particular sea water, and good resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. Their mechanical properties are not as strong as the austenitic grades, however they have better decorative appeal.
Martensitic grades: Martensitic grades are magnetic and can be heat-treated by quenching or tempering. They contain chromium but usually contain no nickel, except for 2 grades. Martensitic steels are not as corrosive resistant as austenitic or ferritic grades, but their hardness levels are among the highest of the all the stainless steels.
Austenitic grades: Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic non heat-treatable steels that are usually annealed and cold worked. Some austenitic steels tend to become slightly magnetic after cold working. Austenitic steels have excellent corrosion and heat resistance with good mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures. There are two subclasses of austenitic stainless steels: chromium-nickel and chromium-manganese-low nickel steels. Chromium-nickel steels are the most general widely used steels and are also known as 18-8(Cr-Ni) steels. The chromium nickel ratio can be modified to improve formability; carbon content can be reduced to improve intergranular corrosion resistance. Molybdenum can be added to improve corrosion resistance; additionally the Cr-Ni content can be increased.
more
Sunday, May 18, 2008
Friday, May 09, 2008
Saturday, April 12, 2008
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Wednesday, July 11, 2007
Clean Room
A cleanroom is an environment, typically used in manufacturing or scientific research, that has a low level of environmental pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles and chemical vapors. More accurately, a cleanroom has a controlled level of contamination that is specified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a specified particle size. To give a perspective, the ambient air outside in a typical urban environment might contain as many as 35,000,000 particles per cubic meter, 0.5 µm and larger in diameter, corresponding to an ISO class 9 cleanroom.
Contents[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cleanroom classifications
2.1 US FED STD 209E cleanroom standards
2.2 ISO 14644-1 cleanroom standards
2.3 Cleanroom class comparison
2.4 BS 5295 cleanroom standards
3 References
4 See also
5 External links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleanroom
NEW CLEAN ROOM REQUIREMENTS
http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:CqNDUK1xSDgJ:www.ece.uncc.edu/research/clean_room/information/standards/newStandards.doc+clean+room+class+4&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=in
CLEAN ROOM EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
http://www.cleanairindia.com/products.html
AIR CURTAINS
http://www.indianindustry.com/pollutioncontrol/159.html
Industry Standards
Cleanrooms are classified by the cleanliness of their air. Up to now different countries have issued their own standards for measuring Clean Room cleanliness (e.g. Federal Standards 209e (USA) and BS 5259 (UK). The International Standard (ISO 14644) is being introduced in stages and the various country specific methods for the classification of cleanrooms are being superseded.
Currently approved ISO Standards are available for purchase from the International Organisation for Standardisation or British Standards Institute, as listed below:
ISO 14644-1: 1999 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness
ISO 14644-2: 2000 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 2: Specifications for testing and monitoring to prove continued compliance with IOS 14644-1
ISO 14644-4: 2001 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 4: Design, construction and start-up
http://www.cleanmodules.co.uk/?gclid=CKCh2ayXp40CFQ2eYAodaUubsw
Contents[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cleanroom classifications
2.1 US FED STD 209E cleanroom standards
2.2 ISO 14644-1 cleanroom standards
2.3 Cleanroom class comparison
2.4 BS 5295 cleanroom standards
3 References
4 See also
5 External links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleanroom
NEW CLEAN ROOM REQUIREMENTS
http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:CqNDUK1xSDgJ:www.ece.uncc.edu/research/clean_room/information/standards/newStandards.doc+clean+room+class+4&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=in
CLEAN ROOM EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
http://www.cleanairindia.com/products.html
AIR CURTAINS
http://www.indianindustry.com/pollutioncontrol/159.html
Industry Standards
Cleanrooms are classified by the cleanliness of their air. Up to now different countries have issued their own standards for measuring Clean Room cleanliness (e.g. Federal Standards 209e (USA) and BS 5259 (UK). The International Standard (ISO 14644) is being introduced in stages and the various country specific methods for the classification of cleanrooms are being superseded.
Currently approved ISO Standards are available for purchase from the International Organisation for Standardisation or British Standards Institute, as listed below:
ISO 14644-1: 1999 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness
ISO 14644-2: 2000 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 2: Specifications for testing and monitoring to prove continued compliance with IOS 14644-1
ISO 14644-4: 2001 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments - Part 4: Design, construction and start-up
http://www.cleanmodules.co.uk/?gclid=CKCh2ayXp40CFQ2eYAodaUubsw
Thursday, June 28, 2007
EU gets tough
List of airlines banned within the EU
Effective aviation safety standards in Europe have rendered our safety record amongst the best in the world. Whilst the European Union and its Member States are working with safety authorities in other countries to raise safety standards across the world, there are still some airlines operating in conditions below essential safety levels.
To improve safety in Europe further, the European Commission – in consultation with Member States’ aviation safety authorities – has decided to ban airlines found to be unsafe from operating in European airspace.
These are listed in the document below. The first list includes all airlines banned from operating in Europe. The second list includes airlines which are restricted to operating in Europe under specific conditions.
These lists will be updated regularly and published in the Official Journal of the European Union where they are included as annexes A and B to the Commission Regulation. Before taking any action based on the information in these lists, all users should ensure they have the latest version.
List of airlines banned within the EU (updated on 05.03.2007)
Effective aviation safety standards in Europe have rendered our safety record amongst the best in the world. Whilst the European Union and its Member States are working with safety authorities in other countries to raise safety standards across the world, there are still some airlines operating in conditions below essential safety levels.
To improve safety in Europe further, the European Commission – in consultation with Member States’ aviation safety authorities – has decided to ban airlines found to be unsafe from operating in European airspace.
These are listed in the document below. The first list includes all airlines banned from operating in Europe. The second list includes airlines which are restricted to operating in Europe under specific conditions.
These lists will be updated regularly and published in the Official Journal of the European Union where they are included as annexes A and B to the Commission Regulation. Before taking any action based on the information in these lists, all users should ensure they have the latest version.
List of airlines banned within the EU (updated on 05.03.2007)
Wednesday, June 27, 2007
Sunday, December 24, 2006
Sunday, September 03, 2006
Process capability
http://elsmar.com/Cp_vs_Cpk.html
PDF] Understanding Process Capability Indices
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobatguidelines for the appropriate use of process capability indices. ... Process capability indices calculated from non–normal ...www.stats.uwaterloo.ca/~shsteine/papers/cap.pdf - Similar pages
PDF] Understanding Process Capability Indices
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobatguidelines for the appropriate use of process capability indices. ... Process capability indices calculated from non–normal ...www.stats.uwaterloo.ca/~shsteine/papers/cap.pdf - Similar pages
calculations for standard deviation
Calibrators
Mumbai- Thane region
AUTOCAL
Address :- Unit no. 16, Swastik Industrial Estate, Navghar, Vasai Road (E),
Dist. Thane,Maharashtra. Pin. 401 210, India
Ph. No.:- 0250-2393421 0250-6450591 0250-2393247
Fax No.:- 0250-2393420
LALITH ENTERPRISES
7-A/302, Venkateshwar Nagar, Cabin Road
Bhayandar (E), Mumbai 401 105
mobile:98204 26135
Vapi- Daman - Silvassa region
Konark Research Foundation
338/1, Behind Patel Cricket Ground
Kachigam, Daman - 396 210
Ph: 0260 2240450, 2244 766
www.konres.com
ACCURATE LABS
109/110, Hakimji Business Centre
GIDC Char Rasta
Vapi - 396 195
mobile 98251 27223, 98251 27082, 98251 27081
Weight Calibration
Fernandes
022 25652922
Load Testing as per Factory Rules
L R Damania
Chartered Engineer
Mora Falia, opp Custom House
Nani Daman - 396 210
Ph: 0260 430449, 428 797, 254 708 (resi)
AUTOCAL
Address :- Unit no. 16, Swastik Industrial Estate, Navghar, Vasai Road (E),
Dist. Thane,Maharashtra. Pin. 401 210, India
Ph. No.:- 0250-2393421 0250-6450591 0250-2393247
Fax No.:- 0250-2393420
LALITH ENTERPRISES
7-A/302, Venkateshwar Nagar, Cabin Road
Bhayandar (E), Mumbai 401 105
mobile:98204 26135
Vapi- Daman - Silvassa region
Konark Research Foundation
338/1, Behind Patel Cricket Ground
Kachigam, Daman - 396 210
Ph: 0260 2240450, 2244 766
www.konres.com
ACCURATE LABS
109/110, Hakimji Business Centre
GIDC Char Rasta
Vapi - 396 195
mobile 98251 27223, 98251 27082, 98251 27081
Weight Calibration
Fernandes
022 25652922
Load Testing as per Factory Rules
L R Damania
Chartered Engineer
Mora Falia, opp Custom House
Nani Daman - 396 210
Ph: 0260 430449, 428 797, 254 708 (resi)
Saturday, September 02, 2006
OC Curve
OC CURVE FOR A PARTICULAR SAMPLING PLAN
(The OC curve will vary for different sampling plans)
TERMINOLOGY
OC = Operating Characteristic
Pa = Probability of acceptance
AQL = ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL = permissible % defective in lot
Probability of acceptance of a bad lot = consumer's risk = a
Probability of rejection of a good lot = producer's risk = b = 1-a
AOQL = AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY LEVEL
= average % defective expected in the accepted lots.
(The OC curve will vary for different sampling plans)
TERMINOLOGY
OC = Operating Characteristic
Pa = Probability of acceptance
AQL = ACCEPTABLE QUALITY LEVEL = permissible % defective in lot
Probability of acceptance of a bad lot = consumer's risk = a
Probability of rejection of a good lot = producer's risk = b = 1-a
AOQL = AVERAGE OUTGOING QUALITY LEVEL
= average % defective expected in the accepted lots.
Friday, September 01, 2006
Control charts- count of defects
Method for categorizing yarn defects and cleansing yarn - Patent ...
after accumulating a count of defects, excising from the yarn (3) those yarn defects assigned to unacceptable yarn defect categories. ...www.freepatentsonline.com/5537811.html - 36k - Cached - Similar pages
[PDF] Useful metrics to give managers the numbers to back up project hunches
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLCounting defect inflow and outflow is complex. One common complication is how to. count defects that have been reopened. For example, suppose QA reports a ...www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/articles/AMeasuredResponse.pdf - Similar pages
[DOC] Defect type standard for the PSP
File Format: Microsoft Word - View as HTMLOnly defects that make (or will probably make during maintenance) the. documentation or program behavior incorrect count as defects. ...www.ipd.uka.de/mitarbeiter/muellerm/PSP/Dokumente/DefTyp/DefTyp3.doc - Similar pages
Defect Count is Constant
"Defect count is a constant." This became very clear to me last week, as my team went through a Bug Bash. In 48 hours, we closed out over 400 defects, ...blogs.ittoolbox.com/pm/manager/archives/defect-count-is-constant-10082 - 37k - 30 Aug 2006 - Cached - Similar pages
after accumulating a count of defects, excising from the yarn (3) those yarn defects assigned to unacceptable yarn defect categories. ...www.freepatentsonline.com/5537811.html - 36k - Cached - Similar pages
[PDF] Useful metrics to give managers the numbers to back up project hunches
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTMLCounting defect inflow and outflow is complex. One common complication is how to. count defects that have been reopened. For example, suppose QA reports a ...www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/articles/AMeasuredResponse.pdf - Similar pages
[DOC] Defect type standard for the PSP
File Format: Microsoft Word - View as HTMLOnly defects that make (or will probably make during maintenance) the. documentation or program behavior incorrect count as defects. ...www.ipd.uka.de/mitarbeiter/muellerm/PSP/Dokumente/DefTyp/DefTyp3.doc - Similar pages
Defect Count is Constant
"Defect count is a constant." This became very clear to me last week, as my team went through a Bug Bash. In 48 hours, we closed out over 400 defects, ...blogs.ittoolbox.com/pm/manager/archives/defect-count-is-constant-10082 - 37k - 30 Aug 2006 - Cached - Similar pages
Control charts and OC Curves
[PPT] Operation Characteristics (OC) Curve
File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTMLOperation Characteristic (OC) curve Defined; Explanation of OC curves; How to construct ... Constructing OC curves; Properties of OC Curves; OC Curve Uses ...www.freequality.org/sites/www_freequality_org/documents/training/OCCurves%5B1%5D.ppt - Similar pages
tqmcintl Industry: Consulting Location: Mumbai : Maharashtra : India ISO 9001 QMS ISO 13485 ENGINEERING NEWS UP-DATE ISO 22000 Explosion protected not Flame proof WTO CRO ISO TQM Information Security Management and ISO 27001 Software QA ISO 17025 CE Marking ISO 14000 GMP requirements SA 8000 ISO 20000 COBIT COPC STANDARD Lean Six Siqma ISO 17021 5 S Energy Manager boiler and pressure vessels eSCM useful Reference tables ERP Management Consultant hotels and restaurants Fami QS Food borne diseases and infections storing food grains Halal and Kosher wet tissues ready made garmets marking Inspection, measuring and testing equipment
File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTMLOperation Characteristic (OC) curve Defined; Explanation of OC curves; How to construct ... Constructing OC curves; Properties of OC Curves; OC Curve Uses ...www.freequality.org/sites/www_freequality_org/documents/training/OCCurves%5B1%5D.ppt - Similar pages
tqmcintl Industry: Consulting Location: Mumbai : Maharashtra : India ISO 9001 QMS ISO 13485 ENGINEERING NEWS UP-DATE ISO 22000 Explosion protected not Flame proof WTO CRO ISO TQM Information Security Management and ISO 27001 Software QA ISO 17025 CE Marking ISO 14000 GMP requirements SA 8000 ISO 20000 COBIT COPC STANDARD Lean Six Siqma ISO 17021 5 S Energy Manager boiler and pressure vessels eSCM useful Reference tables ERP Management Consultant hotels and restaurants Fami QS Food borne diseases and infections storing food grains Halal and Kosher wet tissues ready made garmets marking Inspection, measuring and testing equipment
Standard Deviation table
.. tired of reading all this heavy stuff?
go here for some laffs on consultants http://managementconsultant-tqmcintl.blogspot.com/ .... .
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